Top Postsīehaviour of wolf pups and parents on the stage, when the pups are 30-100 days old: new knowledge for the European wolves Search Reading mammal activity signs Naliboki Forest blog Blog about Naliboki terrain and its inhabitants Naust Eco Station You may learn more about wildlife trips we organize in Naliboki terrain visiting our Naust Eco station site. Double breeding in the model wolf pack during the spring of 2022 with implication for a pattern of a pack multi-breeding.Wolf vandalizes badger sett with badger cubs inside.Raccoon dogs attacked an adult badger at its outlier.Results of our study on wolf reproduction in Naliboki Forest in 2022.Long-term frequent usage of a particular site by lynxes.Afeared wolf is investigating a lynx marking spot.Results of study on wolves in Naliboki Forest in the winter of 2022-2023.Complex hibernating by a brown bear in Naliboki Forest in the winter 2022-2023.Too early giving birth in wolves got common in Naliboki Forest.Nowadays it is commoner than breeding of a pair in Naliboki Forest Dogs, while trotting, usually do not target by the hind paw in the fore footprint, and therefore their track trails consist of wavy footprint sequence with the markedly shorter stride. It is energetically economizing walking pattern. Also, double footprints (superposed or in twos) of wolves are located strongly at a straight line for the most of trotting track trails. Concerning wolf track trail, it is evidently more regular stride of a wolf trail is markedly longer (60–70 cm versus 30–40 cm in dogs). In the case of much weaker paw of dogs their footprints consist of pads that slightly distorted and slipped in different sides as well as dog’s claw marks printed sideward often, and, so, dog’s footprints look more asymmetric. In comparison with dog, wolf paw facing with the same substratum leaves more symmetric print of a rather strong foot. These features originated from much trained paws of wolf as a hard walker as well the species energetically economizing walking pattern. Therefore, the two other below-following distinguishing features of wolf and dog tracks are crucial to make a decision to which species (wolf or dog) tracks belong. Nowadays, some big dogs have big paws and rather massive digital pads like those of wolves. However, these observations are not totally reliable. The central digital pads are also placed tighter to each other in wolf footprints than those of stray dogs. However, in a big male wolf the later feature is not pronounced, and this may be used for rough distinguishing of males and females among adult wolves by their fore footprints. In wolf footprints all digital pads look more massive than those of dogs in relation to the interdigital pad, even of large ones, and the two central digital pads in wolf footprints are mostly placed in front of the lateral digital pads. Ratio between length and width comprises about 1.3 in footprints of male wolves, and approximately 1.5 in those of female wolves. Male wolf has wider footprints than those of female wolf. Prints of wolf digital pads are symmetric and oval, whereas in dogs they are frequently wider in rear part than in the front part. Footprints left by wolves on a thin snow cover or loose ground are 8–13 cm long and 6–9 cm wide, whereas in the conditions of a loose snow cover these dimensions may be slightly higher. Usually wolf footprints are bigger than those of dogs. Sometimes, it may be hard to differentiate tracks of the wolf and large domestic dog.
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